Heat exchanger, any of several devices that transfer heat from a hot to a cold fluid. Expanded metal is used in many power plant applications, but running tubes through the diamondshaped voids in a heat exchanger is a fairly recent development. In power engineering, common applications of heat exchangers include steam generators, fan coolers, cooling water heat exchangers, and condensers. Nrc reactor concepts r 100 welcome to the nuclear regulatory commission s reactor concepts r 100 webbased training. It then covers the application of these principles to nuclear reactor power systems. The twophase heat transfer in a heat exchanger has the advantage of highenthalpy transport that includes the senfig. Heat exchangers in nuclear power plants 43 to introduce the subject of heat exchangers for nuclear power plants it is necessary to discuss the classic plant cycles for the watercooled, liquid metal, and gascooled reactor concepts to pinpoint those points in the cycle which require nuclear grade heat exchanger equipment. Holtec is a recognized industry leader of heat exchange equipment for nuclear power plants. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine in which an engine coolant flows through radiator coils and air flows past the coils, which cools the coolant and heats the incoming air. The iaea officers responsible for this publication were j.
Which type of heat exchanger can be used in solar thermal. The model is developed based on the nuclear shipbuilding technology. Since gen iii npp, the passive safety system has been firstly used to enhance operational safety, develop reliability and performance of the advanced nuclear power plant. Api power chem 2014 novotel twin waters, sunshine coast, queensland may 27, 2014 presented by. Heat exchanger design characteristics and applications in the plants are described and stressors leading to degradation are identified. These exchangers are composed of many thin, slightly separated plates that have very large surface areas and small fluid flow passages for heat transfer. Gesmex plate and shell heat exchangers power generation and. As a consequence, the challenge is to optimise heat and mass trans. It is not a general thermodynamics text, but is a thermodynamics text aimed at explaining the fundamentals and applying them to the challenges facing actual nuclear power systems. A nuclear power plant has many choices when selecting tubing materials for its condenser. Design of liquid metal phase change heat exchanger for. A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Request pdf tubing material selection for nuclear power plant heat exchangers a nuclear power plant has many choices when selecting tubing materials for.
Alfa laval has a proven track record of more than 50 years of experience in supplying expertise, equipment and services to nuclear power plants around. Authors used some formulas from models 3, 7, 8, 10. The heat produced is so high that it could cause disastrous problems. The working principle of nuclear power plant depends upon mainly four components.
May 05, 2015 understanding how heat exchangers work in a nuclear reactor. They operate over a wide range of thermal power levels, from a few kilowatts to hundreds of megawatts. This paper will include analysis of one stage versus two stage heat exchanger. Manual deburring may cause uneven pressing force and. Xiuqing li, renaud le pierres and stephen john dewson. Specialists in industrial heat exchanger systems for nuclear power stations such as sellafield. Choose from our line of plate heat exchangers available in various designs and sizes to find the right solution for proper cooling and outstanding efficiency. Nuclear power plays a vital role in supplying the worlds electricity, and alfa laval plays a vital role as trusted partner to the nuclear power industry. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. This model is onedimensional and bases on modification of colburnhougen model ch of condensing heat exchanger, which was described in 10. One of the most common applications is the cooling of hydraulic fluid and oil in engines, transmissions and hydraulic power packs. Nuclear plant reactor power outputs are quoted in three ways.
Passive safety systems and natural circulation in water. Acoustic pulse reflectometry offers a way to quickly inspect and detect faults in heat exchangers. Maarky heat exchangers are designed using the heat transfer research, inc. The reactor heat exchanger will move heat to and from the reactor hull. Sg is a huge heat exchanger having a diameter and height of about 5 m and 20 m. Proper cooling and condensing of process steam is also critical to the safe operation of a power plant. Heat transfer with phase change in plate fin heat exchangers, proc 22nd asme aiche national heat transfer conference, niagara falls, ny, aug 1984.
The next generation nuclear plant ngnp, a very high temperature gascooled reactor vhtr concept, will provide the first demonstration of a closedloop brayton cycle at a commercial scale, producing a few hundred megawatts of power in the form of electricity and hydrogen. In this paper, a summary of these advanced nuclear power systems is presented along with a. This paper outlines the design problem given to the students of 22. Increasing efficiency and environmental safety of cooling. Without doubt the next generation of nuclear reactor will be dependent upon compact heat exchanger technology. Pdf a heat exchanger is a heat transfer device that exchanges heat between two or more process fluids. Today we are going to read and learn definition, working diagram layout, advantages, disadvantages, and application of thermal power plant.
Assessment of heat exchangers for coupling a high temperature nuclear reactor to hydrogen and biofuels plants aditi verma abstract. This double action is economically accomplished by a heat exchanger. Ap nuclear power plant spent fuel pool cooling the ap plant design features multiple, diverse lines of defense to ensure spent fuel cooling can be maintained for designbasis events1 and beyond designbasis accidents2. Heat exchangers are devices that are used to transfer thermal energy from one fluid to another without mixing the two fluids. Almost 450 nuclear power plants are currently operating throughout the. These are the most common type of research reactor. Regenerator regenerative heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger where heat from the hot fluid is intermittently stored in a thermal storage medium before it is transferred to the cold fluid. Heat exchangers for the next generation of nuclear reactors. In general, the heat exchangers used in regeneration may be classified as either regenerators or recuperators. Another type of heat exchanger is the plate heat exchanger. Heat transfer systems for power plants api heat transfer.
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is nuclear reactor. Thermal energy is a byproduct of most of the reactions taking place in the reactor. Heat can only be removed from the reactor heat exchanger by another component that will. Otec performance tests of the trane platefin heat exchanger. Heat exchanger is widely applied to industrial process, power plant, transportation. They are heat exchangers where the heat produced in the reactor core. Aug, 2016 to my knowledge it has not to be much different as compare to coaloil fired thermal power plant as usually solar thermal power plants use solar energy to heat a specific fluid to high temperature. Hence, a heat exchanger is used to cool down the reactor in stages. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. Holtec designs and fabricates heat exchangers in accordance with asme section iii and section viii standards. Compact heat exchangers for nuclear power plants topical workshop on new crosscutting technologies for nuclear power plants session 2. Selecting reliable heat exchanger tube materials factors to consider presented at.
In many engineering applications it is desirable to increase the temperature of one fluid while cooling another. Many nuclear reactor systems can be regarded as single fluid heat exchangers for purposes of calcu lating outlet temperature dynamics, since the heat. Tubing material selection for nuclear power plant heat exchangers. The fluids are usually separated by a solid wall with high thermal conductivity to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. The heat exchanger configuration is dictated by the thermal and hydraulic application. Advances in gasket and brazing technology have made the platetype heat exchanger increasingly practical. Steam generators sgs are nuclear power plant components npps. Aging of nonpowercycle heat exchangers used in nuclear.
Therefore, the design and configuration of the intermediate heat exchanger is very important. Heat exchangers maarky power plant systems condensers. Advances in nuclear power process heat applications publications. As is typical of thermal power stations, heat is used to generate steam that drives a steam turbine connected to a generator that produces electricity. The cooling elements are designed to fit the tanks, and fixed where suitable. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a electric generator which produces. Design of liquid metal phase change heat exchanger for next. The simple design of a shell and tube heat exchanger makes it an ideal cooling solution for a wide variety of applications. Heat exchangers in nuclear power plants sciencedirect. Heat exchanger hx is a device that provides heat exchange between two fluids that have temperature difference.
Selecting reliable heat exchanger tube materials factors. A wide variety of heat exchanger for nuclear power plant options are available to you, such as certification. Design configuration of heat exchanger for the next. A floating nuclear power plant should be designed for a yearround reliable operation. Seminar on nuclear power plant report pdf download abstract a nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. Floating nuclear power plant floating nuclear power plants can be considered as a new model of energy provision.
Understanding how heat exchangers work in a nuclear reactor. Thermal mwt, which depends on the design of the actual nuclear reactor itself, and relates to the quantity and quality of the steam it produces. The friction pressure drop increases with boiling due to the. These future nuclear power systems will require advances in materials, reactor physics as well as heat transfer to realize their full potential. The lpi heat exchanger gets cooling water from the design basis heat sink, or ultimate heat sink uhs for the plant, which is a separate source of cooling water such as a pond or reservoir. Power plants use a variety of heat exchangers to transfer heat between various fluids. In this paper, a summary of these advanced nuclear power systems is presented along with a short synopsis of the important heat transfer issues. Our component cooling water ccw and balance of plant bop heat exchangers are the workhorses of the utility industry, designed to efficiently reject heat and maintain critical equipment and plant temperature profiles. Xpt thermo plate heat exchangers are used as watercooled immersion coolers.
Design option of heat exchanger for the next generation. It has a single flow path in which the hot and cold fluids. This course is open to all nrc personnel and provides a baseline of knowledge of what nrc does in relation to nuclear power plants and how it maintains the protection of people and the environment. The development of vertical steam generators with a group of heating tubes located in a waterfilled space began with the creation of the steam generators for the first nuclear power plant in the ussr, commissioned in 1954. Residence time the main restriction of heat exchanger reactors is the short residence time, typically from few seconds to few minutes. Dec 01, 2009 the next generation nuclear plant ngnp, a very high temperature gascooled reactor vhtr concept, will provide the first demonstration of a closedloop brayton cycle at a commercial scale, producing a few hundred megawatts of power in the form of electricity and hydrogen. To my knowledge it has not to be much different as compare to coaloil fired thermal power plant as usually solar thermal power plants use solar. Operation and performance analysis of steam generators in.
Residence time the main restriction of heat exchangerreactors is the short residence time, typically from few seconds to few minutes. Nuclear regulatory commission s nuclear plant aging research program. Nuclear power plant due to the great east japan earthquake. Nuclear reactors nuclear power plant nuclear reactor. For the reactor types described in table i there is significant benefit often enabling benefit associated with the use of compact heat exchanger technology. Nuclear reactor is used to produce heat and heat exchanger performs to convert water into steam by using the heat generated in nuclear reactor. Watercooled, platefuel reactors use enriched uranium fuel in plate assemblies see above fuel types and are cooled and moderated with water. Nuclear power plant working principle of nuclear power plant. Consider a parallelflow heat exchanger, which is used to cool oil from 70c to 40c using water available at 30c. The nuclear power plant npp has been developing for more than 60 years. The lpi pump can provide water to the reactor from the borated water storage tank.
Selecting reliable heat exchanger tube materials factors to. Here in this section of mechanical books, you will find a collection of free heat transfer pdf books. A nuclear reactor consists of uranium among other materials. The major heat exchangers of gas turbine cycle are recuperator, precooler and. Holtecs mission critical equipment helps ensure an optimally operating heat exchanger while reducing costs and improving efficiency. Report broken links to contact us advances in heat transfer download computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer download computational methods in fluid and heat transfer download convection. A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor.
The floating nuclear power plant considered in this paper is a shore. How heat exchangers work in a nuclear reactor pressure. Heat exchanger and its types engineering solutions. Considerations in designing a nuclear power plant with a hydrogen and biofuels facility lauren ayers, matthew chapa, lauren chilton, robert drenkhahn, brendan ensor, jessica hammond, kathryn harris, anonymous student, sarah laderman, ruaridh macdonald, benjamin nield, uuganbayar otgonbaatar. Considerations in designing a nuclear power plant with a. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss boiling does occur in the fuel channel it affects not only the heat transfer coefficients but also the flow conditions.
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